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The bubonic plague, an infectious disease that caused a pandemic back in the 14th century, wiping out between 30% and 50% of the population in some parts of Europe, with an estimated cost of 50 million, still exists and causes sporadic outbreaks. in various parts of the world. . The infectious disease was found in Oregon for the first time in nearly a decade in a person who was likely infected through his cat. The illness was reportedly quickly identified and the person was treated with antibiotics immediately. Also known at the time as the “black death,” bubonic plague is the most common form of plague caused by the bite of an infected flea. The plague bacillus, Y. pestis, enters the body through the bite, travels through the lymphatic system to the nearest lymph node where it replicates. The lymph node then becomes swollen, tight, and painful, and is called a “bubo.” (Also read | Measles outbreak in MP: Symptoms for treatment, everything you want to know)
“The bubonic plague, although believed to have disappeared, remains a threat. It is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. The disease, once known as the ‘black death’ in the 14th century, killed an estimated 25 million of people in Europe. While modern sanitation and healthcare have significantly reduced its prevalence, sporadic outbreaks still occur in various parts of the world,” says Dr. Neha Rastogi, Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Fortis Hospital, Gurgaon.
SYMPTOMS OF BUBONIC PLAGUE AND PREVENTION TIPS
Dr. Rastogi also talks about symptoms, treatment and preventive measures to follow.
Symptoms
Symptoms of bubonic plague usually appear 2 to 6 days after exposure and include the sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and swollen, painful lymph nodes, known as buboes, usually in the groin. , armpit or neck. . Without prompt treatment, the infection can spread to the bloodstream and cause septicemic plague or the lungs, resulting in pneumonic plague, which are even more serious and can be fatal.
Treatment
Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial for the successful management of bubonic plague. Streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin are among the antibiotics effective against Yersinia pestis. In severe cases, supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and respiratory assistance, may be necessary. Prompt isolation of infected people and tracing and treating their contacts are also important to contain outbreaks.
Precautionary measures
Preventing the spread of bubonic plague requires a multifaceted approach. This includes the control of rodent populations, particularly rats and fleas, which are the main reservoirs and vectors of Yersinia pestis. Public health measures, such as insecticide spraying, rodent eradication programs, and proper disposal of dead animals, can help reduce the risk of transmission to humans. Additionally, educating communities about the importance of avoiding contact with sick or dead animals and practicing good hygiene can further prevent the spread of the disease.
“While bubonic plague remains a serious public health problem, advances in medical science and public health practices have significantly improved our ability to prevent, diagnose and treat the disease, reducing its impact compared to historical pandemics. “However, continued vigilance and investment in surveillance and control measures are needed to mitigate the risk of future outbreaks,” concludes Dr. Rastogi.