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A recent study published in Nature Metabolism reveals a potential link between high protein consumption and the activation of immune cells, which contributes to the formation of arterial plaque, known as atherosclerosis. This study, which involved humans, mice and cells, highlights that consuming more than 22% of daily calories from protein may present risks.
The amino acid leucine, predominantly found in animal products such as beef and eggs, is identified as a key player in this process. Lead author Babak Razani recommends caution and emphasizes that indiscriminate protein intake could damage arteries.
“Our hope is that this research will start a conversation about ways to modify diets in a precise way that can influence body function at the molecular level and reduce disease risks,” he said in a statement.
The study challenges the idea that higher protein intake is always beneficial. Analyzing a decade-long survey of typical American diets, researchers found that a significant portion of daily calories are derived from protein, primarily from meat sources.
While protein is widely recognized for its importance in maintaining health, this study suggests that excessive intake may have detrimental effects on long-term well-being.
In collaboration with metabolism expert Bettina Mittendorfer, Razani delved into the research. The research spanned several models, from cellular studies to animal experiments and observations in humans. Initial evaluations with healthy individuals guided research into the immune cell activation schedule.
Experiments conducted in mice and human cells showed that consuming more than 22% of daily calories from protein could damage macrophages, the cells responsible for waste removal, ultimately leading to plaque buildup in the arteries. .
“Perhaps blindly increasing the protein load is wrong,” Razani said, adding: “Instead, it is important to look at the diet as a whole and suggest balanced meals that do not inadvertently exacerbate cardiovascular conditions, especially in people at risk of heart disease. and vascular disorders.”
More research is needed to determine the ideal protein intake, as the study suggests. Additionally, Razani noted that different levels of leucine in diets enriched with plant and animal proteins could explain the differences in their impact on metabolic and cardiovascular health. “The potential for this type of mechanistic research to inform future dietary guidelines is quite exciting,” he said.
Potential health risks from excessive protein consumption:
Dehydration: Protein metabolism requires more water and excessive protein consumption can lead to dehydration if adequate fluid intake is not maintained. Dehydration can manifest as fatigue, headaches and constipation.
Kidney distention: Excess protein breakdown generates nitrogenous waste products, which the kidneys must work harder to eliminate. This increased workload over time can stress the kidneys, especially in people with pre-existing kidney problems.
Digestive problems: The body needs enough water to digest and absorb protein effectively. Consuming too much protein without adequate hydration can lead to constipation, bloating, and other digestive problems.
Bone Health Concerns: Research suggests a possible link between high-protein diets, particularly those high in red meat, and increased calcium excretion. This can potentially contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis, although more research is needed to solidify the connection.
Weight gain: While high-protein diets are often associated with weight loss, excessive protein intake can lead to weight gain if it creates a calorie surplus. This is because the body can convert excess protein into energy, leading to it being stored as fat if not used for immediate needs.
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